The largest island in the world by population is Java, a remarkable landmass in Indonesia. Not only is it the most populous island, but it is also a cultural and economic powerhouse in Southeast Asia.
Its dense population and vibrant urban centers make it a captivating place to explore, both geographically and historically.
Population of Java
With an estimated population of over 156,4 million people (2013), Java spans 129,438 square kilometers (49,976 square miles) – relatively modest in size compared to other major islands worldwide.
Despite its smaller landmass, it stands out due to its enormous population, cementing its role as the epicenter of Indonesian life.
On the island’s northwest coast lies Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital and largest city, home to more than 10 million people. Jakarta serves as the nation’s political, economic, and cultural hub.
Java has always been a key player in shaping Southeast Asian culture. It was once a major hub for both Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic civilizations.
Some of the region’s most famous landmarks, like the Borobudur and Prambanan temples, are found here and stand as reminders of the island’s deep spiritual history. Kingdoms like the Majapahit Empire helped spread Hindu-Buddhist culture across the region.
Today, Islam is the dominant religion, and Java is an important center for Islamic practices.
Java isn’t just densely populated, it’s also incredibly diverse. While the Javanese make up about 40% of the population, there are also large communities of Malay, Sundanese, Betawi, and Madurese people, among others.
Each group brings its own customs, languages, and traditions, adding to the island’s rich cultural mix. The Sundanese are mostly in West Java, the Betawi are centered around Jakarta, and the Madurese, originally from East Java, have spread to other parts of the island over time.
This diversity is evident in everyday life – from the various dialects spoken to the different kinds of music, art, and food you can find all over the island.
The Javanese language is commonly spoken, especially in Central and East Java, but Bahasa Indonesia, the national language, is used for formal communication and interactions between different ethnic groups.
Java’s unique mix of ethnicities and traditions makes it a great example of Indonesia’s motto, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika – Unity in Diversity.
Map of the most populous island in the world
To view a larger map of the most populous island in the world, click the image below to open it in Google Maps. Once there, tap the ‘star’ icon to add it to your maps for easy access later.
